Human Anatomy & Physiology-SCB 203-Midterm Dr. M. D. Gottlieb

Pick the best answer!

_____1. The fact that the internal environment fluctuates within narrow limits results from

a. stressors and restressors

b. positive feedback systems

c. negative feedback systems

d. open loop systems

e. none of the above

_____2. The electrons in the outer shell of an atom

a. are known as valence electrons

b. are not always in a stable state

c. can be donated

d. can be shared

e. all of these are true

_____3. Ionic bond is to covalent bond as

a. inorganic compound is to organic compound

b. shared is to donated

c. donated is to shared

d. anions is to cations

e. hydrogen bonds are to double bonds

_____4. Decomposition reactions

a. do not require energy

b. require energy

c. release water

d. result in synthesis

e. are referred to as dehydration synthesis

_____5. Which of these is a property of water?

a. it is the universal solvent

b. it is a dipole molecule

c. it is involved in hydrogen bonding

d. it can absorb considerable heat without changing its temperature

e. all of these are true

_____6. Which of these statements is not true?

a. The pH of an acid is less than 7

b. The pH of a base is greater than 7

c. The pH of NaCl is 0

d. The strength of an acid depends upon the degree to which it dissociates in water

e. The strength of a base depends upon the degree to which it dissociates in water

_____7. Anatomy is to physiology as

a. function is to structure

b. histology is to cytology

c. pathology is to embryology

d. structure is to function

e. all of the above are appropriate

_____8. Which of these is not necessary for life to exist?

a. water

b. protection from harmful radiation

c. appropriate environmental temperature

d. suitable environmental pressure

e. all of these are necessary

_____9. All the chemical processes that take place within the body are collectively referred to as

a. synthesis

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

d. anabolism

e. homeostasis

_____10. The automatic tendency to maintain a relatively constant internal environment is called

a. homeostasis

b. growth & development

c. responsiveness

d. adaptation

e. none of the above

 _____11. Which of these is not a cell organelle?

a. plasma membrane

b. centriole

c. Golgi apparatus

d. extracellular matrix

e. nucleolus

_____12. Which is the correct sequence?

a. tissue, organ, organ system, organism

b. tissue, organ system, organism, organ

c. organism, organ system, organ, tissue

d. organ system, organ, organism, tissue

e. none of these is correct

_____13. A buffer

a. maintains pH

b. is an electrolyte

c. is a salt

d. is involved in neutralization of electrolytes

e. all of these are true

_____14. Which of these is not considered a major category of organic compounds?

a. carbohydrates

b. nucleic acids

c. lipids

d. proteins

e. glycoproteins

_____15. Which of these is not true? Enzyme inhibitors

a. may be reversible or non-reversible

b. if reversible, may be competitive or noncompetitive

c. if competitive, bind at the active site

d. if noncompetitive, bind at an allosteric site

e. if irreversible, will not inactivate the enzyme

_____16. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

a. makes proteins

b. contains ribosomes

c. makes non-protein substances such as steroids

d. contains microtubules and intermediate filaments

e. all of these are true

_____17. The cytoskeleton consists of

a. microtubules

b. intermediate filaments

c. microfilaments

d. a and b

e. a, b, and c

_____18. Phospholipids

a. form an important part of the plasma membrane

b. are part hydrophobic

c. are part hydrophilic

d. a and b

e. a, b, and c

_____19. Cholesterol

a. is not found in plants

b. is a steroid

c. is a ring structure

d. is a component of the plasma membrane

e. all of these are true

_____20. Nucleic acids

a. are found only in the nucleus

b. may be found in DNA or RNA

c. consists of nucleotide building blocks

d. have sugar and a nitrogenous base

e. have sugar and phosphoric acid

_____21. Which of these is not a property of a protein?

a. an important energy source

b. peptide bonds

c. amino groups

d. the element nitrogen

e. a tertiary structure

_____22. The proper functioning of many enzymes requires

a. cofactors

b. coenzymes

c. active sites

d. proper pH

e. all of these are required

_____23. Which of these is not true?

a. dialysis separates small particles from large particles

b. facilitated diffusion requires a carrier protein

c. osmosis is the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane

d. active transport requires energy

e. filtration involves atmospheric pressure

_____24. The transport of large materials out of the cell is known as

a. endocytosis

b. phagocytosis

c. exocytosis

d. pinocytosis

e. receptor-mediated endocytosis

_____25. The chromosomes replicate during

a. interphase

b. mitosis

c. metaphase

d. prophase

e. G1 phase

_____26. Which cells do not appear in mature connective tissue?

a. osteocytes

b. fibrocytes

c. mesenchyme cells

d. mast cells

e. macrophages

_____27. Which of these fibers are not found in connective tissue?

a. reticuloendothelial fibers

b. elastic

c. collagen

d. reticular

e. all are found in connective tissue

_____28. Which connective tissue differs from the others?

a. loose areolar connective tissue

b. adipose

c. bone

d. dense connective tissue

e. elastic connective tissue

____29. Which of these is not true?

a. cell do not divide to maintain efficient size

b. cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm to form two cells

c. growth factors are small proteins that control the cell cycle

d. chalones are substances that inhibit mitosis by countering the action of growth factors

e. mitosis ensures that each cell will be genetically identical

_____30. Epithelial tissue is attached to the connective tissue beneath by

a. basement membrane

b. reticular connective tissue

c. elastic tissue

d. smooth muscle

e. none of these

_____31. Which of these is false? Simple squamous epithelial cells are

a. also known as endothelial cells

b. also known as mesothelial cells

c. make up a large part of the dermis

d. are one layer thick

e. are extremely thin

_____32. Which of these is true?

a. merocrine glands release their secretions without loss of cytoplasm or damage to their cells

b. the cells of holocrine glands accumulate the secretion, then die and become part of the secretion

c. in apocrine glands, droplets of secretion are surrounded by the plasma membrane and then pinched off from the cell and ejected

d. exocrine glands may be a mixture of mucous and serous glands

e. all of these are true

_____33. Which is not true of cartilage?

a. it is surrounded by a periosteum

b. it is surrounded by a perichondrium

c. it has lacunae

d. it has a poor blood supply

e. it consists of chondrocytes

_____34. Which of these is not true?

a. cardiac muscle-intercalated discs, striations, involuntary

b. skeletal muscle-striations, voluntary, near bone

c. visceral muscle-smooth, involuntary, within organs

d. cardiac muscle-striated, involuntary, in the heart, multinucleated

e. all are true

_____35. Oncogenes

a. arise from mutated proto-oncogenes

b. come from metastases

c. are benign

d. arise from oncologists

e. control normal growth and development

_____36. The inorganic matrix

a. is composed of only calcium salts

b. makes up 95% of the extracellular matrix

c. is secreted by the osteoblasts

d. is made up mostly of calcium phosphate

e. can safely be replaced by phosphate salts of strontium-90

_____37. Which is not true of intramembranous bone formation?

a. it starts with a cartilage model

b. it starts with mesenchyme

c. it is the means of bone formation for most skull bones

d. it forms at first an immature bone called woven bone

e. it contains osteoblasts

_____38. Which is true of endochondral bone formation?

a. it is based on a cartilage model

b. it does not require osteoblasts

c. it does not continue after birth

d. a periosteum is not present

e. it does not result in spongy bone

_____39. Which of these is not found in the epiphyseal plate of a growing bone?

a. zone of resting or reserve cartilage

b. zone of proliferation

c. zone of maturation

d. zone of calcification

e. zone of hyalinization

_____40. The closure of the epiphyseal plate

a. is promoted by prolonged secretion of estrogen

b. ends the growth of long bones

c. can be seen on x-rays of long bones

d. indicates the loss of chondrocytes

e. all of these are true

_____41. The purpose of articulations

a. is to permit the movement of bones

b. to permit the growth of bones

c. to allow for the growth of body organs

d. a and b

e. a, b, and c

_____42. Which one of these articulations permits the most movement?

a. amphiarthroses

b. diarthroses

c. synarthroses

d. syndesmoses

e. gomphoses

_____43. Which one of these is not a structural classification of joints?

a. areolar

b. fibrous

c. cartilaginous

d. synovial

e. all are structural classes

_____44. The structure called a meniscus is found

a. in some synovial joints

b. fibrous joints

c. synostoses

d. in all synovial joints

e. in articular joints

_____45. Which of these are incorrectly paired?

a. flexion-extension

b. protraction-retraction

c. abduction-adduction

d. mediation-lateralation

e. all are paired correctly

_____46. Skin color does not depends on

a. the number of melanocytes

b. the rate of destruction of melanin

c. the amount of carotene ingested

d. the amount of oxyhemoglobin

e. the exposure to ultraviolet radiation

_____47. Which of these is not part of the inflammatory response?

a. redness

b. clotting

c. swelling

d. heat

e. pain

_____48. The epiphyseal plate

a. contains cartilage

b. forms the shaft of the bone

c. contains the medullary cavity

d. is responsible for hematopoiesis

e. forms articular cartilage

_____49. Osteoclasts

a. are mature bone cells

b. are responsible for laying down new bone

c. are responsible for resorption of bone

d. are under the control of the thyroid gland

e. can become osteoblasts if necessary

_____50. Osteoid

a. consists of organic matrix

b. has collagen fibers

c. makes up 50% of the extracellular matrix

d. contains ground substance called GAGs (glycosaminoglycans)

e. all are true

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